Identifying key criteria of written and spoken English at C1
Explore the key features that define spoken and written English at the C1 level.
Language assessment
Assessing the language of young learners
Linking language levels to age, this research explores how assessment, especially formative testing, can align with young learners’ linguistic, cognitive, and social development.
Investigating valid constructs for writing tasks in EAP tests for use in Japanese university entrance examinations
What makes a valid English writing test for Japanese university admissions? This study finds direct tasks like opinion pieces and summaries best reflect real writing ability.
Validating the Core Inventory for General English
The Core Inventory for General English aims to inform teachers about the levels at which learners of English master certain aspects of the language.
Interacting with visuals in L2 listening tests: an eye-tracking study
Can visuals improve second language listening test scores? We explored how learners watch and use videos during listening tests and what it means for performance.
The effects of single and double play upon listening test outcomes and cognitive processing
Does hearing a recording twice change how language learners listen? This study explores how replaying audio impacts behaviour and performance in L2 listening tests.
The relationship between test takers' L1, their listening proficiency and performance on paired speaking tests
Can your first language and listening skills impact how you perform in paired speaking tests? This study explores how listening proficiency and L1 shape speaking performance.