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Small Concrete Footprint
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Environmentally damaging
It was recently estimated by The New York Times that every year, one cubic yard of concrete is produced for each person on the planet. It’s easy to realise, in terms of scale, why concrete production is responsible for five percent of the world’s carbon emissions.  But there are chemical reasons why concrete is so environmentally damaging, and why Professor Pal Mangat of Sheffield Hallam University’s Materials and Research Institute, has developed a more climate-friendly material called Liquid Granite.

‘Conventional concrete was a material that was developed quite some time ago,’ says Professor Mangat, ‘and at the time, the environmental concerns weren’t understood. Now we are aware of carbon footprints, and that the emission of carbon dioxide is a serious problem, and cement unfortunately steps on both of them.’ Liquid Granite is made from between 30 and 70 percent recycled material. But there are other major advantages of Liquid Granite.

Versatile but explosive
‘Looking at it purely technologically,’ says Professor Mangat, ‘one of the major benefits of Liquid Granite is where the materials are exposed to fire. All buildings need to have a certain amount of fire resistance. One of the problems of concrete is that it’s not naturally capable of withstanding fire.’ Concrete has its advantages; it’s a versatile material, so it’s able to be poured into a variety of different forms. But it does present architects and engineers with fundamental problems when designing buildings. ‘Engineers have to go through all kinds of complicated ways to try and help materials to withstand fire,’ says Professor Mangat. ‘This is mainly by putting in reinforcement to take account of fire and explosion. Concrete doesn’t naturally withstand fire because internal pressure builds up when it’s exposed to very high temperatures. External pressures then cause disruption from within. So concrete is quite explosive.’
Night Inferno © TheImageArea - iStockphotoFire-resistant microstructure
Liquid Granite is fire resistant to a much greater degree. It has been given a four-hour fire rating, the highest level of protection. As Professor Mangat explains, ‘that’s where Liquid Granite has an advantage, because its microstructure is totally different from cement.’ The material’s fire resistance gives people crucial time to evacuate buildings. And why the name? ‘Because of the colour of it,’ says Professor Mangat, ‘and granite is a good, natural material, and obviously when it’s used, it is in liquid form.’
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