You should always apply directly to the institution.

When should I apply?

You should start your application procedure at least twelve months before your course is due to begin (usually October). Many institutions do not have a formal closing date for applicants to doctoral programmes, but have admission deadlines for applicants to taught courses. In general, you should apply as early as possible to secure a place. There is usually a lot of competition for places, as well as for scholarships.

What else do I need to do?

The institution will want to see the official certificates you have received as evidence of your previous studies and a letter of recommendation by your former professor.

If you are applying for a doctoral programme, you have to prepare a research proposal. This should be a short summary based on research in your field. If a professor has an idea for research which he/she has not been able to pursue, it will be advertised in the national press, usually the Times Higher Educational Supplement.