There are certain blocks to effective listening. Here are  some factors that inhibit or prevent us from listening effectively:

Psychological

Some people believe they are easily distracted, so even before they begin they will allow themselves to become distracted, for instance, the colour of a tie or socks, the view from a window or even the shopping list.

Prejudice to the person or to part of the person, for instance, if they have red hair or speak with a Scots accent, or even to their topic.  Or simply by a feeling of apathy towards, or lack of interest, in either the topic or the speaker.

Physical

Some people are either unaware or unwilling to admit to a hearing disability, which can affect effective listening.  Drowsiness or problems with health can also affect listening.

Environmental

Conditions around us play a large part in our ability to listen and our understanding of what is being said, for instance:

			Noise
			Telephones ringing
			Temperature – too hot/cold
			Seating arrangements
			Smoking

Expectation

If our perception of the speaker is poor – if we think that they are boring or of a low status - then we may be less likely to listen.  In addition, if we expect a subject to be boring or if we think we know the answer then we may stop listening.

By understanding what inhibits our own listening not only can we become more effective listeners ourselves, but we can be more aware of the blocks which may inhibit others listening.

So, follow the listening mnemonic:

Look interested - give encouraging signs
Inquire/ask questions/take notes
Stay on the subject
Test your understanding - paraphrase and summarise
Evaluate the message - what is being said and how it comes across
Neutralise your feelings - keep an open mind.