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'Signature' buildings

Read the article about 'signature' buildings and answer these questions.

It probably began with the Guggenheim Musuem in Bilbao.  American architect Frank O. Gehry designed an incredible building from curving pieces of metal.  The building put the Spanish city on the map.  Now people come from all over the world, not just to visit the museum itself, or even the city of Bilbao, but just to see the building.

Since the success of this building, many other cities have tried putting up incredible buildings in an attempt to make themselves become more well-known.  These buildings are called 'signature' buildings.

In the hunt for signature buildings, a few architects have become very famous.  

Frank  O. Gehry – as well as the Guggenheim in Bilbao, Gehry has also designed the Experience Music Project in Seattle and the DG bank in the centre of Berlin.
Daniel Libeskind – this architect became famous for his Jewish Museum in Berlin and the Imperial War Museum North in Manchester.  His project of a memorial tower to mark the site of the Twin Towers in New York was the winner of that competition in 2003.
Norman Foster – this British architect has recently built the Millennium and the Swiss Re building in London.  People have called this building the "gherkin” because of its shape.  It has changed London’s skyline.
Santiago Calatrava – this Spanish architect is famous for his elegant bridges across the world, and now also for the stadiums for the 2004 Olympics in Athens.
Renzo Piano – this Italian architect designed the Pompidou Centre in Paris (together with Norman Foster), and has recently built a new Auditorium for music in Rome, a church dedicated to Padre Pio in Puglia in southern Italy and the Kansai airport in Osaka.  
There are also younger architects, like the British Future Systems group who built the Selfridges department store in Birmingham.  Nicknamed the "Blob”, this looks like something out of a science fiction film.  Their next project is an underground station in Naples with the sculptor Anish Kapoor.

Such incredible architecture is now largely possible due to computer programmes which make it possible to design and construct buildings which, even only 20 years ago, would have remained the pure fantasy of artists and architects.

Is it all looking bright for brave new architecture?  Well – there are problems.  Calatrava’s buildings in Greece have reportedly left the Greek government with huge debts still to pay, and while Foster’s gherkin building in London has transformed the city’s skyline, it is still half empty. One critic says the gherkin has been an aesthetic triumph but a commercial flop.

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