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Most people are aware that nowadays many types of fish are also farmed – in Europe at least 15 different types. What is more, so-called 'alternative farming' has come to a lot of people's notice, and a quick search on the internet can come up with sites about the farming of ostriches, llamas, deer, kangaroos, bison and even crocodiles. But what about farming lizards? And not only for their skins, to make into shoes or handbags, but also for food?
Physical appearance: Full-grown green iguanas are usually between four and six feet in length, although they have been known to grow up to seven feet long. This includes the tail, however, which can make up about half the body length. Green iguanas, not surprisingly, are green in colour, but can be found in many different shades ranging from bright green, to a dull, greyish-green and, in addition to its green colour, has black stripes. Their skin is rough and they have a set of pointy scales along their backs. Green iguanas have long fingers and claws to help them climb and grasp.
Geographic range: The green iguana is found over a large geographical area, from Mexico to southern Brazil and Paraguay, as well as on the Caribbean islands.
Habitat: Iguanas live in tropical rainforest areas, generally at lower altitudes near water sources, such as rivers or streams. They spend most of their time high in the forest canopy, about 40–50 feet above the ground.
Behaviour: Iguanas are diurnal, which means that they are awake during the day. They are also cold-blooded, which means that they do not produce their own body heat. In other words, if the environment is cold, the iguana is cold too. So to stay warm, green iguanas bask in the sun, lying on warm rocks as they soak up the sun's heat.
Source: The Wild Ones Animal Index
The green iguana, also known as the 'bamboo chicken' or 'chicken of the tree', has been used as a source of food in Central and South America for up to 7,000 years. However, in many regions where they are indigenous, a combination of factors has meant that they are now listed as an endangered species.
First, the iguanas' behaviour does not help their cause. When an iguana feels threatened, its natural reaction is to drop out of a tree and into the water below, where it will wait for the threat to pass. But humans are more intelligent than other predators, and will go into the water, where it is easy to catch the iguanas.
Second, the best catch for a hunter is a pregnant female. Consequently, the number of female iguanas that are of reproductive age has been greatly reduced.
Added to these factors is the problem of deforestation. In some parts of Central and South America, such as the vast pampas of Argentina, the natural habitat is ideal for farming cattle. However, in many other areas, forest must be cleared to provide pastures for the cattle to graze. Cutting down forests, as environmentalists are well aware, can have devastating effects, such as erosion, reduced water resources and a decrease in soil fertility. It has also contributed decisively to the sharp fall in the iguana population.
If estimates that iguanas can yield as much protein per unit area as cattle are true, then it seems to make good sense to concentrate on the restoration and protection of tropical forests for food and habitat, and to farm the native iguanas rather than the intruding cattle.
'The key elements of iguana farming are reproduction in captivity, controlled incubation and raising hatchlings in captivity. Once the hatchlings are seven months old, they are released into forested areas on farms, where they grow to harvestable size in two additional years.'
'To create the farms, enclosures are constructed using sheet-metal walls sunk 30 centimetres into the ground. Inside, the animals sleep in shelters made of bamboo and other vegetation. Each shelter has an adjustable entrance slit through which young lizards can slither, but predators, which are usually larger, cannot. Most enclosures are set on stilts and food is served in the shade underneath. With this system, 20 to 60 young iguanas are kept in a 10 square metre area. The iguana farms also include an artificial nest consisting of a "tunnel" leading to a sand-filled, egg-laying chamber. Both tunnel and chamber are made of predator-safe material and are easily accessible by the farmer.'
'Artificial nests increase the number of hatched eggs and their survival rate to 90per cent, versus 50per cent in the wild. Using food supplements (iguana chow), it is estimated that the population can be maintained at six to ten times the level possible in a rainforest, or around 50 adult iguanas per hectare. Iguana chow is a mixture of broken rice, meat, bone and fish meal, papayas, mangos, bananas and avocados, as well as a variety of leaves and flowers. Smallholders can erect simple feeding stations and keep them stocked with table scraps or weedy vegetation. This makes for low-cost production before the iguanas reach harvesting size.'
Source: Iguana Farming - A Source of Food and a Method of Tropical Forest Preservation
The pioneer of iguana farming is Dr Dagmar Werner, a German herpetologist, who founded the Pro Iguana Verde Foundation. She is currently working with six Panamanian communities, and is involving others in Costa Rica, Honduras and Guatemala. Countries that have expressed interest in her programme include El Salvador, Nicaragua, Colombia and Venezuela.
The Foundation has set up 'Iguana Park' near Orotina in Costa Rica, which is both an eco-tourism facility and a place to demonstrate and undertake further research on the sustainable use of forests.
In Belize, the Belize Zoo started its Iguana Breeding Program, designed so the typical Belizean could raise iguanas for food.
And in the La Mosquitia rainforest in Honduras, there is an Iguana Vigilantes group, whose motto is: 'The iguana is our heritage, our future. We have to take care of it.'
With initiatives like these, we can only hope that the future of iguana farming is assured.
Jonathan Ng writes: 'I definitely would not eat a lizard! I’m afraid of reptiles, feeling extremely disgusted when I imagine the situation of eating their flesh. Although a lizard contains a lot of varying nutrition which benefits our health, in my opinion, a wild lizard may contain some terrible insects. Consequently, our health may be affected after eating them. I would rather have a steak than eat a lizard.'
Yong Ma writes: 'I heard of this lizard for the first time on your website because I am living in the northwest city of Lanzhou, in Gansu province, in China, where not only is there no rainforest, but it is very cold. I would not eat a lizard because I am afraid of her appearance and cannot image that a lizard could be delicious! I thought this article was very instructive, as it introduced the iguana’s physical appearance, geographic range, habitat, behaviour and other features to me. I understood more about the iguana after reading it .This article will help to improve my level of English reading.'
Dhananjay Buva writes: 'If I am sure that the lizard is of good quality and fresh, I would like to taste it at least once. Depending on my liking, quality, freshness and availability, then I can decide whether I can eat it sometimes but not daily. But I would not like the lizard to be the main constituent of the meal. The main reasons for the above opinions include: 1. The benefits/hazards of the lizard as food are not fully discovered as far as I know. Even if they are discovered, they are not publicised; 2. I always like to have a variety of food.'
Would you eat a lizard? If not, why not? What do you think of this article? Send us your opinions.
Link from the article
Raise and Eat Your Own Iguanas
More agriculture links
Wikipedia: agriculture
Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations
HowStuffWorks: how organic food works
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