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Little is used with uncountable nouns:

			There is little water left, so drink only what you must.
			I have little reason to think they will help.

Few is used with plural nouns:

			There are few men who are capable of doing it.
			I know few places that I could recommend to you.

Used in this way, little and few have somewhat negative meanings:

			I have little reason to think they will help = I would like to have more reason, but unfortunately I haven't.
			I know few places that I could recommend to you = I would like to be able to recommend more places, but unfortunately there aren't more.

Used in this way, little and few are also quite formal. We can say the same thing in a less formal way by using not much and not many:

			I don't have much reason to think they will help.
			I don't know many places that I could recommend to you.

When we use the indefinite article a before little and few, it has a more positive meaning, similar to some:

			We've got a little bread = We've got some bread.
			We've got a few biscuits = We've got some biscuits.

Before a pronoun or a determiner, (a) little of and (a) few of are used:

			Take a little of this and a little of that.
			Sorry, but we only have a little of it.
			Take a few of these and a few of those.
			Sorry, but we only have a few of them.

More information about little and few:

http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/Determiners7b.cfm

To see many examples of the use of little and few, see the Web Concordancer. Type little or few into the 'search string' field, select any corpus in the 'select corpus' field, and then click on the 'search for concordances' button.